Hence, the molecules are more ordered (or less randomly distributed) at higher pressure. The chances of finding a molecule within a given volume are greater under these conditions than when it was at lower pressure. If the pressure is increased, the same number of molecules now occupy a smaller volume. In the gaseous state and at low pressures, the molecules are free to move about unrestricted. If any process is carried out reversibly, so that dqrev is the heat absorbed by the system the process at constant temperature (T), then the entropy change (dS) is given by It is impossible to use a cyclic process to extract heat from a reservoir and to convert into work without transforming at the same time a certain amount of heat from a hotter to a colder part of the body or It is impossible to convert heat into work without compensation. It helps us to calculate the maximum fraction of heat that can be converted to work in a given process. It helps us to know the equilibrium conditions of a chemical reaction.Ĥ. It helps us to predict whether a given process or a chemical reaction can occur spontaneously.ģ. Second law helps us to determine the direction in which energy can be transferredĢ. Second law of thermodynamics Chemistry DoubtsĪdvantage of Second law of thermodynamicsġ.
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